Why are plasmids of particular concern to humans

It is possible that antibiotic resistance in animals can be transferred to humans via food. The extent to which this occurs for different resistant bacteria is not yet known. However, this is an important reason for drastically reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock.

The use of veterinary antibiotics has fallen sharply in recent years in the Netherlands. In the years - , sales have decreased by Antibiotics that are important for treating infections in humans have hardly been used for animals in recent years. The decrease in resistance in animals shows the same decrease as the antibiotic use in animals.

Total antibiotic use is still increasing slightly in hospitals. Although the use of antibiotics in animals has declined significantly in recent years and their use in humans is stable, research into use and resistance remains desirable. This will ensure that we can take the right measures to ensure that Dutch people can continue to be properly treated with antibiotics against bacterial infections. At WBVR the occurrence, spread and prevention of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin is studied.

We use state-of-the-art techniques, like sequencing all antibiotic resistance genes in a population resistome , genotyping resistant bacteria and plasmids, as well as traditional resistance tests and risk assessment studies. Dedicated microarrays to determine presence of resistance genes in a microbial population are available. Novel Enterobacter lineage as leading cause of nosocomial outbreak involving carbapenemase-producing strains.

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Abstract The widespread use of antibiotics in food animal production systems has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. Publication types Review.