How old is queenston shale

That looks to be a very pretty place - too bad it doesn't have any fossils. I hope that you find a nice little hunting spot soon - I'd love to see what you can find out in the Hamilton area!

You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy! Already have an account? Sign in here. Existing user? Sign in with Facebook. Exploring the Queenston Formation along the Red Hill Creek red hill creek niagara escarpment extinction taconic ontario hamilton hirnantian ordovician queenston formation.

Recommended Posts. Posted September 11, This is Red Hill Creek as it passes by next to the Highway. Link to post Share on other sites. Exposure under the highway. A slab of blue shale with my slippers for scale. Close up of the shale. Notice how the layer turns from red to blue. But in that case, how does one differentiate unconventional and conventional wells, as both are essentially identical at the start of drilling?

Option 1 is to differentiate between two spud dates — the start of surface drilling and the start of subsurface unconventional shale drilling. Thus, unless and until a well penetrates a shale formation below the Elk Sandstone or its stratigraphic equivalent it would not qualify as an unconventional gas well spud. An unconventional gas well is a well that is drilled into an unconventional formation, which is defined as a geologic shale formation below the base of the Elk Sandstone or its geologic equivalent where natural gas generally cannot be produced except by horizontal or vertical well bores stimulated by hydraulic fracturing.

In other words, once a well is drilled into a shale formation below the Elk Sandstone it counts as an unconventional gas well.

Because one or more unconventional shales i. By way of example, all 1, deep wells known to have been drilled before would owe unconventional gas well fees under this interpretation, plus any similar wells drilled since then. Additionally, any wells spud in the three formations described above would be liable for fees, whether or not they reached the Tully Formation.

Option 2 is to only count wells as unconventional spuds if the formation targeted for production is an unconventional formation. In other words, spudding an unconventional shale formation en route to a deeper formation would not automatically result in unconventional well fees.

Instead, only in cases where the intended production formation contained shale would the well be liable for unconventional gas well fees. Under this interpretation any wells ultimately spud in any of the 12 formations listed in Table 1 would owe unconventional gas well fees.

Finally, for analysis purposes only, Option 3 would entail counting wells that have been spud and completed in an unconventional shale formation.

This is a far more stringent standard than Act 13 requires, and thus, violates its requirements. Nonetheless, such an approach may be analytically useful in establishing the minimum number of unconventional well spuds that any complete analysis would have to exceed to be credible. Together these three criteria — geological age, well timing, and spud interval — determine the population of wells subject to unconventional gas well fees under Act 13 of Diplocraterion , Skolithos , Chondrites , and occasional large vertical burrows of unknown origin form the ichnofauna.

Plane beds, ripple marks, and occasional swaley and hummocky cross-stratifications are present in the calcareous units. Mudcracks, gypsum nodules, occasional halite hopper casts, and gilgai-like structures typically occur in horizons where shales alternate with siltstone and limestone. These features are indicative of prograding muddy and storm- and tide-affected shores. In southernmost Ontario, the upper part of the formation is mostly composed of a red shale, with local recognizable shale-filled channels.

This shale is of paralic origin, and it is truncated by the unconformity separating the Ordovician from the Silurian units in this region. This last event may, in part, be related to a eustatic sea-level drop due to the contemporaneous Saharan glaciation, if not exclusively due to tectonic movements. L'ichnofaune comprend Diplocraterion , Skolithos , Chondrites et de larges terriers d'origine inconnue.

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