Stakeholders who is your system for

This requirements analysis may involve the use of functional flow diagrams, timeline analysis, N2 Diagrams, design reference missions, modeling and simulations, movies, pictures, states and modes analysis, fault tree analysis, failure modes and effects analysis, and trade studies.

There are many ways to collect stakeholder needs and requirements. It is recommended that several techniques or methods be considered during elicitation activities to better accommodate the diverse set of sources, including:. Several steps are necessary to understand the maturity of stakeholder needs and to understand how to improve upon that maturity. Figure 1 presents the cycle of needs as it can be deduced from Professor Shoji Shiba's and Professor Noriaki Kano's works and courses, and is adapted here for systems engineering SE purposes.

Figure 1 shows the steps and the position of the stakeholder requirements and system requirements in the engineering cycle. Below are explanations of each stage of requirements Faisandier ; to illustrate this, consider this example of a system related to infectious disease identification:.

Each class of needs listed above aligns with an area of the SE process. For example, the development of specified needs requirements is discussed in the System Requirements topic. For more information on how requirements are used in the systems engineering process, please see the System Definition knowledge area KA.

Several classifications of stakeholder requirements are possible, e. Examples of classification of stakeholder requirements include: service or functional, operational, interface, environmental, human factors, logistical, maintenance, design, production, verification requirements, validation, deployment, training, certification, retirement, regulatory, environmental, reliability, availability, maintainability, design, usability, quality, safety, and security requirements.

Stakeholders will also be faced with a number of constraints, including: enterprise, business, project, design, realization, and process constraints.

The content, format, layout and ownership of these artifacts will vary depending on who is creating them and in which domains they will be used. Between these artifacts and the outputs of the process, activities should cover the information identified in the first part of this article. Hauser, J. May - June System Analysts Continued Their role overlaps all the other roles of the other stakeholders.

They need, at the least, a general understand of each of the other stakeholder concerns. Facilitates interaction between groups of stakeholders. Analyse current and possible future IS for a business. This is not just a technology issue but concerns people, process, and technology Role of System Analyst will be discussed in greater detail later in the year!

Try and write a sentence on each of the stakeholders and their perspective of the IS?? Look at the following example and think about different scenarios! Want an IS to reduce costs of running library.

Currently very labour intensive; implementation of new IS will remove a great deal of admin work through automation System User: One group of main users are front end desk staff. The process for checking out a book is long, tedious, and laborious.

Difficult to find student information in log book, incomplete data entered in log books etc. Create a design of database to store information on students and books. Based on the Users issues they include specific details on what data must be entered into the system such as book return date! System Builder: Builds the technical solution using software code, databases, networks and implements security.

Whatever the reason, their lack of enthusiasm translates into a wasted investment. This is especially true for smaller and niche groups whose needs tend to be overlooked. There is room within development to add new requirements. However, those should come in response to ongoing feedback instead of being a band-aid for a weak discovery process.

Who Is Considered a Stakeholder? While every development project is unique, there are some universal categories that can be used to guide stakeholder identification. End users and beneficiaries These are the people who will be most directly affected by the software.

Their buy-in is essential. End users fall into three main groups: Direct users Those who will use the software directly are usually most concerned with how it will fit into their current workflows.

They want to know that it solves a significant problem or otherwise makes their job easier. Secondary users Direct users interact with the software itself. Secondary users rely on the products of the software. The term encompasses a huge base of customers and vendors who focus more on results than process. Their input should revolve around the services or information the software will provide. Project build team Good software development is a balancing act between dreams and reality.

End users sometimes create an unrealistic list of features and requirements. The build team serves as the voice of reason that keeps the project within a manageable scope. Each member of the build team has a different focus: Managers and company liaisons make final decisions about timeline, budget, and scope.

Project managers shape the development process. They keep track of all the moving parts to maximize efficiency and serve as the point of contact for other stakeholders. The project manager is given authority and responsibility to manage project resources by the project charter , which is typically issued and signed by the top-level project sponsors or what may be known as the Steering Committee. While the PM carries ultimate responsibility for project success and is the face of the project, an APM is usually a talented functional manager that will ensure that project resources stay on task for deliverable completion.

Vendor PM: Many projects elicit the assistance of a specialized expert who has previously completed similar initiatives. For instance, software implementations will typically require a vendor-side subject matter expert to advise the PM and the project team during various stages of completion. The term stakeholder is often misconstrued to mean the customers of the project.

Users: From this group, you will collect your functional requirements , therefore they heavily influence the stated project objectives. The typical system stakeholders that I would classify as users can be system users, internal customers, external customers, managers, or executives.